Saturday, November 30, 2019

US History free essay sample

Emancipation increased the power of black men within the family. Black women withdrew from work as field laborers and house servants to the domestic sphere. Church and School Blacks abandoned white-controlled religious institutions to create churches of their own. Blacks of all ages flocked to the schools established by northern missionary societies, the Freedmans Bureau, and groups of ex-slaves. Political Freedom The right to vote inevitably became central to the former slaves desire for empowerment and equality. To demonstrate their patriotism, blacks throughout the South organized Fourth of July celebrations.Land, Labor, and Freedom Former slaves ideas of freedom were directly related to land ownership. Many former slaves insisted that through their unpaid labor, they had acquired a right to the land. Masters without Slaves The Souths defeat was complete and demoralizing. Planter families faced profound changes. Most planters defined black freedom in the narrowest manner. The Free Labor Vision The victorious Republican North tried to implement its own vision of freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on US History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Free labor The Freedmans Bureau was to establish a working free labor system. The Freedmans BureauThe task of the Bureau-?establishing schools, providing aid to the poor and aged, settling disputes, etc. -?was daunting, especially since it had fewer than 1,000 agents. The Bureaus achievements in some areas, notably education and health care, were striking. The Failure of Land Reform president Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands returned to its former owners. Because no land distribution took place, the vast majority of rural freed people remained poor and without property during Reconstruction. Sharecropping came to dominate the cotton South and much of the tobacco belt.Sharecropping initially arose as a compromise between blacks desire for land and planters desire for labor discipline. The White Farmer The aftermath of the war hurt small white farmers. Crop-lien system (use of crop as collateral for loans from merchants for supplies) White farmers increased cotton cultivation, cotton prices plummeted, and they found themselves unable to pay back loans. Both black and white farmers found themselves caught in the sharecropping and crop- lien systems. Southern cities experienced remarkable growth after the Civil War. Rise of a new middle class Aftermaths of SlaveryThe Reconstruction-era debates over transitioning from slavery to freedom had parallels in other Western Hemisphere countries where emancipation occurred in the nineteenth century. Only in the united States did former slaves gain political rights quickly. The Making of Radical Reconstruction Andrew Johnson Johnson identified himself as the champion of the honest yeomen and a foe of large planters. Johnson lacked Lincoln political skills and keen sense of public opinion. Johnson believed that African-Americans had no role to play in Reconstruction. The Failure of Presidential ReconstructionJohnnys plan for Reconstruction offered pardons to the white southern elite. Johnnys plan allowed the new state governments a free hand in managing local affairs. The Black Codes Southern governments began passing new laws that restricted the freedom of blacks. These new laws violated free labor principles and called forth a vigorous response from the Republican North. The Radical Republicans Radical Republicans called for the dissolution Of Johnnys State governments, the establishment of new governments that did not have rebels in power, and the guarantee of the right to vote for black men.The Radicals fully embraced the expanded powers of the federal government born of the Civil War. Charles Summer Thatched Stevens Thatched Stevens most cherished aim was to confiscate the land of disloyal planters and divide it among former slaves and northern migrants to the South. His plan was too radical for most others in Congress. The Origins of Civil Rights Most Republicans were moderates, not radicals. Senator Lyman Truthful of Illinois proposed two bills to modify Johnnys policy: Extend the life of the Freedmans Bureau Civil Rights Bill (equality before the law was central; it SOL_Aught to overturn theBlack Codes) Johnson vetoed both bills. Congress passed the Civil Rights Bill over his veto and later extended the life of the F-redeemers Bureau. The Fourteenth Amendment It placed in the Constitution the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans. It did not grant blacks the right to vote. The Reconstruction Act Johnson campaigned against the Fourteenth Amendment in the 1866 midterm elections. In March 1867, over Johnnys veto, Congress adopted the Reconstruction Act, which: Divided the South into five military districtsCalled for creation of new southern state governments, with black men given the vote The Reconstruction Act thus began Radical Reconstruction, which lasted until 1877 . Impeachment and the Election of Grant To demonstrate his dislike for the Ten ere of Office Act, Johnson removed the secretary of war from office in 1868. Johnson was impeached and the Senate fell one vote short from removing him from office. The Fifteenth Amendment Ulysses S. Grant won the 1 868 presidential election. The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870. It prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right o vote because of race.Did not extend suffrage to women The Great Constitutional Revolution The laws and amendments of Reconstruction reflected the intersection of two products of the Civil War era-?a newly empowered national state and the idea of a national citizenry enjoying equality before the law. Before the Civil War, American citizenship had been closely linked to race. The new amendments also transformed the relationship between the federal government and the states. The Rights of Women The destruction of slavery led feminists to search for ways to make the promise of free labor real for women.Some feminists (Elizabeth Caddy Stanton, Susan B. Anthony) opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because it did not enfranchise women. The divisions among feminists led to the creation of two hostile womens rights organizations that would not reunite until the sass. Despite their limitations, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and the Reconstruction Act of 1867 marked a radical departure in American and world history. Radical Reconstruction in the South The Tocsin of Freedom Among the former slaves, the passage of the Reconstruction Act inspired an outburst of political organization. Blacks used direct action to remedy long- tanning grievances. The union League aided blacks in the public sphere. By 1870, the Union had been restored and southern states had Republican majorities. The Black Officeholder Two thousand African-Americans occupied public offices during Reconstruction. Fourteen elected to U. S. House Of Representatives Two elected to U. S. Senate Carpetbaggers and Scalawags Carpetbaggers were northern-born white Republicans who made their homes in the South after the war, with many holding political office. Scalawags were southern-born white Republicans.Some were wealthy (e. G. , James Acorn, a Mississippi planter) Most had been p-country non-slaveholders before the Civil War and some had been Unionists during the war. Southern Republicans in Power Southern Republican governments established the Souths first state- supported public schools. The new governments also pioneered civil rights legislation. Republican governments took steps to strengthen the position of rural laborers and to promote the Souths economic recovery. The Quest for Prosperity During Reconstruction, every state helped to finance railroad construction.Investment opportunities in the West lured more northern investors than southern investors, and economic development remained weak in the South. The Overthrow of Reconstruction Reconstructions Opponents Corruption did exist during Reconstruction, but it was not confined to a race, region, or party. Opponents could not accept the idea of former slaves voting, holding office, and enjoying equality before the law. A Reign of Terror Secret societies sprang up in the South with the aim of preventing blacks from voting and destroying the organization of the Republican Party. The UK Klux Klan was organized in 1866. It launched what one victim called a reign of terror against Republican leaders, black and white. Example: Collar, Louisiana, massacre (1873) Congress and President Grant, with the passage of three Enforcement Acts in 1870 and 1871 , put an end to the KILL Klux Klan by 1872. The Liberal Republicans The Norths commitment to Reconstruction waned during the 1 sass. Some Republicans, alienated from Grant by corruption in his administration, formed the Liberal Republican Party.Horace Greenly The Norths Retreat The Liberal attack on Reconstruction contributed to a resurgence of racism in the North. The 1873 depression also distracted the North from Reconstruction. The Supreme Court whittled away at Congresss guarantees of black rights. Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) United States v. Cruickshank (1876) The Triumph of the Redeemers Redeemers claimed to have redeemed the white South from corruption, misgovernment, and northern and black control. The Disputed Election and Bargain of 1877 The election between Rutherford B.Hayes (Republican) and Samuel Titled (Democrat) was very close, with disputed electoral votes from Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina. Congress set up a special Electoral Commission to determine the winner of the disputed votes. Behind the scenes, Hayes made a bargain to allow southern white Democrats to control the South if his election was accepted. The compromise led to Hayss election and the Democrats having a free hand in the South. The End of Reconstruction Reconstruction ended in 1877. It would be nearly a century before the nation again tried to bring equal rights to the descendants of slaves. Introduction: The Statue of Liberty] The Second Industrial Revolution The Industrial Economy By 1 913, the United States produced one-third of the worlds industrial output. The 1880 census showed for the first time that a majority of the workforce engaged in infirming jobs. The growth of cities was vital for financing industrialization. Great Lakes region Pittsburgh Chicago Railroads and the National Market The railroad made possible what is sometimes called the second industrial revolution. The growing population formed an ever-expanding market for the mass production, mass distribution, and mass marketing of goods.The Spirit of Innovation Scientific breakthroughs and technological innovation spurred growth. Thomas Edison Competition and Consolidation The economy suffered prolonged downturns between 1873 and 1897. Businesses engaged in ruthless competition. To avoid cutthroat competition, more and more corporations battled to control entire industries. Between 1 897 and 1 904, 4,000 firms vanished into larger corporations. The Rise of Andrew Carnegie The railroad pioneered modern techniques of business organization. By the sass, Carnegie dominated the steel industry.Vertical integration Carnages life reflected his desire to succeed and his desire to give back to society. The Triumph of John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller dominated the oil industry. Industrial leaders were considered either captains of industry or robber barons. Workers Freedom in an Industrial Age For a minority of workers, the rapidly expanding industrial system created new forms Of freedom. For most workers, economic insecurity remained a basic fact of life. Between 1 880 and 1 900, an average of 35,000 workers perished each year in factory and mine accidents, the highest rate in the industrial world.Class divisions became more and more visible. Many of the wealthiest Americans consciously pursued an aristocratic lifestyle. Thorniest Bubble on conspicuous consumption The working class lived in desperate conditions. The Transformation of the West A Diverse Region The political and economic incorporation of the American West was part of a global process. The federal government acquired Indian land by war and readies, administered land sales, and distributed land to farmers, railroads, and mining companies. Farming in the Trans-Mississippi West More land came into cultivation during the thirty years after the Civil War than during the previous two-and-a-half centuries of American history. Farming was difficult and much of the burden fell to women. As crop production increased, prices fell and small farmers throughout the world suffered severe difficulties during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The future of western farming ultimately lay with giant agricultural enterprises, as seen in California. The Cowboy and the Corporate West Cowboys became symbols of a life of freedom on the open range.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Organizational Dynamics Essays

Organizational Dynamics Essays Organizational Dynamics Paper Organizational Dynamics Paper Kelsey Seminar 6 Saturday 1. How can managers develop an organizational culture that encourages a high-performance system or a learning organization? A high performance system is the idea that today’s organizations need continuing excellence and renewal as a way to bring innovation into our systems (Brown, 2006, p. 381). HPS calls for the removal of excessive layers of structure within the organization and the creation of a climate that encourages participation and communication across functional barriers (Brown, 2006, p. 81). The leader needs to display energy and zest for the task being worked on, the products and processes being developed, and fellow team members (Brown, 2006, p. 381). Leading by example is a popular way for managers to create excitement and electricity within the workplace (Brown, 2006, p. 381). Displays of enthusiasm tend to improve the morale and productivity of the workforce (Brown, 2006, p. 381). 2. Compare and contrast organiza tion development and organization transformation. How are they similar or dissimilar? Organizational development compromises the long-range efforts and programs aimed at improving an organizations ability to survive by changing its problem-solving and renewal processes (Brown, 2006, p. 4). It involves moving forward an adaptive organization and achieving corporate excellence by integrating the desires of individuals for growth and development with organizational goals (Brown, 2006, p. 4). Organization transformation is defined as dramatic, abrupt, change to total structures, managerial processes, and corporate cultures (Brown, 2006, p. 399). It requires a redesign of everything in the organization, including the norms of the culture, the very soul of the organization (Brown, 2006, p. 399). Nothing is sacred, and there are few, if any, guidelines (Brown, 2006, p. 399). The two are similar because they are both ways of helping make an organization better so it will be the best it can be. They are different because OD is more about making the individuals happy to help them want to make the company better, the OT is more about trying to redo the foundation of the company to make it better from here out. . Describe future trends in organization development and explain how each fits with in the context of your organization? The future trends include: (Brown, 2006, p. 427). Organizational Transformation- This recent advance in change strategies is used in situations of drastic, abrupt change when the organization’s survival is at stake. Shared Vision-this approach to organizational change involves getting all levels of m anagement to identify the strategic vision of the future and what it takes to make it work. Innovation- Organizations are focusing more effort on innovating- creating new products, goods and services. Trust- The critical factor in changing organizations is the development of trust within and between individuals, teams, and organizational units and levels. Empowerment- In order to develop high-performing systems, organization members must be empowered. Learning organization- a conceptual framework for the organization of the future, the learning organization is the notion that learning is central to success. Reengineering- The fundamental rethinking and radical redesigning of business ystems urges an overhaul of job designs, organizational structures, and management systems. Core Competences- the idea for companies to identify and organize around what they do best. Organizational Architecture- a metaphor that forces managers to think more broadly about their organization in terms of how work, people and formal and informal structures fit together. Reference Brown, D. R. Har vey, D. (2006). An experiential approach to Organizational development, (7th ed. ). ,Upper Saddle River, N J: Prentice Hall.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Osmoregulation Definition and Explanation

Osmoregulation Definition and Explanation Osmoregulation is the active regulation of osmotic pressure to maintain the balance of water and electrolytes in an organism. Control of osmotic pressure is  needed to perform biochemical reactions and preserve homeostasis. How Osmoregulation Works Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane into an area that has a higher solute concentration. Osmotic pressure is the external pressure needed to prevent the solvent from crossing the membrane. Osmotic pressure depends on the concentration of solute particles. In an organism, the solvent is water and the solute particles are mainly dissolved salts and other ions, since larger molecules (proteins and polysaccharides) and nonpolar or hydrophobic molecules (dissolved gases, lipids) dont cross a semipermeable membrane. To maintain the water and electrolyte balance, organisms excrete excess water, solute molecules, and wastes. Osmoconformers and Osmoregulators There are two strategies used for osmoregulation- conforming and regulating. Osmoconformers use active or passive processes to match their internal osmolarity to that of the environment. This is commonly seen in marine invertebrates, which have the same internal osmotic pressure inside their cells as the outside water, even though the chemical composition of the solutes may be different. Osmoregulators control internal osmotic pressure so that conditions are maintained within a tightly-regulated range. Many animals are osmoregulators, including vertebrates (like humans). Osmoregulation Strategies of Different Organisms Bacteria - When osmolarity increases around bacteria, they may use transport mechanisms to absorb electrolytes or small organic molecules. The osmotic stress activates genes in certain bacteria that lead to the synthesis of osmoprotectant molecules. Protozoa - Protists use contractile vacuoles to transport ammonia and other excretory wastes from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane, where the vacuole opens to the environment. Osmotic pressure forces water into the cytoplasm, while diffusion and active transport control the flow of water and electrolytes. Plants - Higher plants use the stomata on the underside of leaves to control water loss. Plant cells rely on vacuoles to regulate  cytoplasm osmolarity. Plants that live in hydrated soil (mesophytes) easily compensate for water lost from transpiration by absorbing more water. The leaves and stem of the plants may be protected from excessive water loss by a waxy outer coating called the cuticle. Plants that live in dry habitats (xerophytes) store water in vacuoles, have thick cuticles, and may have structural modifications (i.e., needle-shaped leaves, protected stomata) to protect against water loss. Plants that live in salty environments (halophytes) have to regulate not only water intake/loss but also the effect on osmotic pressure by salt. Some species store salts in their roots so the low water potential will draw the solvent in via osmosis. Salt may be excreted onto leaves to trap water molecules for absorption by leaf cells. Plants that live in water or damp environments (hydr ophytes) can absorb water across their entire surface. Animals - Animals utilize an excretory system to control the amount of water that is lost to the environment and maintain osmotic pressure. Protein metabolism also generates waste molecules which could disrupt osmotic pressure. The organs that are responsible for osmoregulation depend on the species. Osmoregulation in Humans In humans, the primary organ that regulates water is the kidney. Water, glucose, and amino acids may be reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in the kidneys or it may continue through the ureters to the bladder for excretion in urine. In this way, the kidneys maintain the electrolyte balance of the blood and also regulate blood pressure. Absorption is controlled by the hormones aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and angiotensin II. Humans also lose water and electrolytes via perspiration. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus of the brain monitor changes in water potential, controlling thirst and secreting ADH. ADH is stored in the pituitary gland. When it is released, it targets the endothelial cells in the nephrons of the kidneys. These cells are unique because they have aquaporins. Water can pass through aquaporins directly rather than having to navigate through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. ADH opens the water channels of the aquaporins, allowing water to flow. The kidneys continue to absorb water, returning it to the bloodstream, until the pituitary gland stops releasing ADH.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Network Architectures for Data Centers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Network Architectures for Data Centers - Essay Example On the other hand, at the present technology has changed. Additionally, there is an increase in demands for operational sustainable, efficiencies corporate processes, dynamic operational service diversification, and cost efficiency. In addition, these ever-increasing demands put the data center in the crosshairs of business analysis as its significance has increased more than ever before (LSI Corporation, 2012). This paper presents a detailed analysis of network architectures for data centers. This research will offer a comprehensive analysis of some of the major aspects required for the development and application of data center architecture application and their possible implication for better corporate management. Introduction At the present, data centers serve as the central command center for the majority of business organizations in spite of size and industry. Without a doubt, it offers an excellent support for managing huge amounts of information and data, and ensures effectiv e execution of business operations 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. In this scenario, network based data centers are designed, developed and maintained to store, process, and exchange information and data for economic services corporations, companies, transport business, administration, utilities, educational institutions, network carriers and internet service providers (ISPs). In fact, investments in the development of data centers are growing at a rate of more than 20 percent per year. In view of the fact that the business organizations completely depend on latest information technologies to take actions thus the current data centers have become less efficient along the lines of competence, effortlessness and agility of maintenance (H3C Technologies Co., Limited, 2012; Juniper Networks, Inc., 2012; Greenberg, Lahiri, Maltz, Patel, & Sengupta, 2012). In addition, in the field of data centers, several major trends are happening in parallel, with each representing a fundamental chan ge in terms of how it is managed. Data centers currently include both networking and server arrangements. However, the server part of this technology based infrastructure is at the present far down the road of technology based commoditization, in this scenario high end corporate class servers have been replaced by large amounts of low cost technology based servers. Additionally, new technology based improvement in distributed technology based computing and administration systems have supported the irregularity of individual network servers to be masked by the collective communication reliability of the data center system as a whole (H3C Technologies Co., Limited, 2012; Juniper Networks, Inc., 2012; Greenberg, Lahiri, Maltz, Patel, & Sengupta, 2012). Moreover, the quality and performance of network architectures for data

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Wireless Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wireless Technology - Essay Example The distinguished quality is reached due to the use of the new multimedia opportunities, the use of the global roaming and high speed data transfer. 3G technology interacts with IP networks, mobile devices. It has two main standards: CDMA 2000 Ð ¸ UMTS. Fourth generation technology or 4G is significantly improved in comparison with 3G technology. In addition to ten times increased speed, the fourth generation of communication is distinguished by the improved quality of voice communication. The development of 4G technology started in 2000. New frequency ranges increased the data transfer index. It is essential to note that batch communication and channel communication are used for 3G technology while 4G uses only batch data processing (Zheng et al 2009). Speaking about business in the sphere of communications it is essential to mention that many communication companies use WiMAX technology to provide high speed connection services. They have several reasons for that. First, the 802.16 technologies allow to not only to provide the access to network for new clients but to widen the spectrum of services and occupy new hard-to-reach (Cheng, 2001). Secondly, wireless technologies is more simple in usage that traditional wire channels. WiMAX technologies are easy in deflation and easy to scale. This factor appears to be very useful, when it is necessary to deflate large network as soon as possible. For example, WiMAX was used to provide the access to the network to the survivors in tsunami in December 2004 in Indonesia. All the communicative infrastructure of the region was destroyed and quick restoration of the communicative services was needed for the whole region. The advantages of WiMAX allow to decrease prices for high speed Internet access services for business structures and private individuals. When 4G technology became known in the United States in 2009, there were no devices, which could be called 4G specifically. Moreover, the technology,

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Carl Rogers Essay Example for Free

Carl Rogers Essay Experience is, for me, the highest authority. The touchstone of validity is my own experience. No other persons ideas, and none of my own ideas, are as authoritative as my experience. It is to experience that I must return again and again, to discover a closer approximation to truth as it is in the process of becoming in me. -Carl Rogers, On Becoming a Person Best Known For: †¢Carl Rogers is best-known for his nondirective approach to treatment known as client-centered therapy. †¢His concept of the actualizing tendency. †¢Developing the concept of the fully-functioning person. Birth and Death †¢Born January 8, 1902 †¢Died February 4, 1987 Timeline of Events: †¢1902 Carl Rogers was born in Oak Park, Illinois. †¢1919 Enrolled at University of Wisconsin. †¢1924 Graduated from University of Wisconsin and enrolled at Union Theological Seminary. †¢1926 Transferred to Columbia. †¢1931- Earned Ph.D. from Columbia. †¢1940 Began teaching at University of Ohio. †¢1946 Elected president of American Psychological Association (APA). †¢1951 Published Client-centered Therapy. †¢1961 Published On Becoming A Person. †¢1980 Published A Way of Being. †¢1987 Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize. Early Life: Carl Rogers enrolled at the University of Wisconsin in 1919 as an agriculture major, but later changed to religion. After attending a 1922 Christian conference in China, Rogers began to question his career choice. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1924 with a bachelors degree in History and enrolled at the Union Theological Seminary before transferring to Teachers College of Columbia University to complete his masters degree. He completed his doctorate at Columbia in 1931. Career: After receiving his Ph.D., Rogers spent a number of years working in academia, holding positions at Ohio State University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Wisconsin. It was during this time that Rogers developed his approach to therapy, which he initially termed nondirective therapy. This approach, which involves the therapist acting as a facilitator rather than a director of the therapy session, eventually came to be known as client-centered therapy. After a number of conflicts within the psychology department at the University of Wisconsin, Rogers accepted a position at the Western Behavioral Studies Institute (WBSI) in La Jolla, California. Eventually, he and several colleagues left WBSI to form Center for Studies of the Person (CSP). Carl Rogers continued his work with client-centered therapy until his death in 1987. Contributions to Psychology: With his emphasis on human potential, Carl Rogers had an enormous influence on both psychology and education. Beyond that, he is considered by many to be one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. More therapists cite Rogers as their primary influence than any other psychologist. As described by his daughter Natalie Rogers, he was a model for compassion and democratic ideals in his own life, and in his work as an educator, writer, and therapist. Selected Works By Carl Rogers: Rogers, C. (1951) Client-centered Therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rogers, C. (1961) On Becoming A Person: A Therapists View of Psychotheraphy Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rogers, C. (1980) A Way of Being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Biographies of Carl Rogers: Cohen, D. (1997) Carl Rogers. A critical biography. London: Constable. Thorne, B. (1992) Carl Rogers. London: Sage. Sources: Rogers, N. Carl Rogers Biography. http://www.nrogers.com/carlrogersbio.html

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Male homoeroticism in Platos Symposium and the Greek lyric poets: Comp

Male homoeroticism in Plato's Symposium and the Greek lyric poets: Complimentary or contradictory? Works Cited Missing Images of male homosocial and homoerotic relations pervade Athenian culture. From plays to poetry and jugs to the justice system one can find these relations represented pictorially and in words. But do all these images align with each other or are there irreconcilable differences between them? To look at this question we will take two small pieces of culture, a philosophical treatise, Plato's Symposium and the lyric poetry of Theognis and Anacreon. Homoerotics are mentioned in several speeches in Plato's Symposium but I will focus on those statements made by Phaedras and Pausanias. The reason for the use of these two sources is to elucidate the numerous representations of homoerotics in Athenian Greece. Phaedras begins by stating that everyone can agree that, the greatest benefit, to my mind, that a young man can come by in his youth is a virtuous lover, and a virtuous boyfriend is just as good for a lover too. (Plato, 178c) This is a value that the modern world can easily grasp, a young man (the object of love) is well served by a virtuous older man (erastes) who will honor his superior position and treat the young man well and teach him what he can. In turn, the the erastes is better off with a virtuous boyfriend (eromenos) who will stay loyal to him. After all, the older man is the lover to which Phaedras refers and so a young boyfriend who was not faithful could be quite injurious to the older man?s heart and reputation. So does this image fit with that of the lyric poets? Indeed, Phaedras? representation of male homoerotics aligns quite easily with that of the lyric poets. Theognis speaks often... ...ric poets. Love for boys is a wonderful thing, especially if both parties are virtuous and loyal. Also, Theognis and Anacreon, likely along with Pausanias, attribute more loyalty to men than to women, resulting in a deeper commitment to ?relationships.? Phaedras disagrees saying that women can, in fact feel equal loyalty. There is general agreement that a love for boys based purely on beauty is a common thing, and not a good one. It leads to having stupid eromenai, which is not desirable. The lyric poets do seem to maintain that while intelligence is important, young boys are still better material for love than older men. Pausanias disagrees, arguing for lifelong homosocial relationships. So while there are a few differences between the lyric poets and these speakers of the Syposium they seem to be based more on choice of lifestyle than true differences of paradigm.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Paper Chromatography Lab Essay

Purpose: to separate the various photosynthetic pigments of Spinacia oleracea leaves. Materials: – methanol – water – filter paper – sand – test tube – 10 S. oleracea leaves – 2 wooden splints – mortar – pestle Method: First, 10 S. oleracea leaves were gathered. A piece of filter paper, a wooden splint, a mortar and pestle were also gathered. The leaves were placed inside the mortar, filling the mortar approximately half full. The leaves were then crushed with the pestle. Sand, water and methanol were added and then the leaves were crushed again. This was repeated until the leaves had reached the consistency of a soupy green paste. The leaf extract (soupy green paste) was strained, removing the fibrous spinach paste, which was placed into the garbage, and leaving the liquid leaf extract. The wooden splint was dipped into the leaf extract and then traced in a thin straight line onto the filter paper. The filter paper was allowed to dry for approximately 2 minutes. The next coat could not be applied until the paper was completely dry. The process was repeated 10 times, from dip, trace and drying. A test tube was gathered as well as methanol and a second wooden splint. The wooden splint was pi erced through the top of the filter paper and then the filter paper was placed into the empty test tube. It was measured how much methanol would be needed so that the tip of the filter paper was submerged but the extract line was not submerged. After measurement, the filter paper was removed from the test tube. The methanol was poured into the test tube up to the measured fill point. The filter paper was then carefully inserted so that it never touched the edges of the test tube. The test tube was carefully placed vertically into a test tube holder and allowed to absorb methanol for 45 minutes. After the 45 minutes were complete, the filter paper was then removed, measured as to how far pigments had travelled and left to dry. Observations: Calculations: Rf xanthophyll= distance pigment travelled distance to solvent front = 7 9.7 = 0.72 Rf chlorophyll a= distance pigment travelled distance to solvent front = 8.4 9.7 = 0.87 Rf chlorophyll b= distance pigment travelled distance to solvent front = 8.5 9.7 = 0.88 Rf carotene= distance pigment travelled distance to solvent front = 8.7 9.7 = 0.90 Discussion: 1. The Mortar and Pestle is used to break down the intramolecular bonds within the S. oleracea leaves. This helped break the molecule down into smaller molecules and individual atoms so that chloroplasts and their pigments were not buried inside the leaf and were  easily accessible. 2. Methanol is used to dissolve the pigments, as methanol is polar and so are the pigments. As we saw, the pigments stayed with the methanol in the liquid part of the mixture but everything else (cell walls, etc) floated to the top of the mixture, so we could easily remove it. 3. It is important that the filter paper did not touch the walls of the test tube because if touching the side walls, water would absorb from the sides as well as the bottom of the filter paper. If this were to happen, the flow of methanol up the filter paper would be disturbed, thus disturbing the flow and separation of the pigments. 4. It is very important that the leaf extract not be dissolved in the solvent because it would not travel upward the same. If the extract line were to be dissolved in the methanol, it would simply dissolve into the methanol, without actually having the chance to travel up the filter paper. With the extract line above the meniscus, the pigments’ only choice was to follow the path of the methanol. 5. Water would not be able to carry the pigments up the filter paper because it does not have the same physical properties as methanol. One of methanol’s unique features is that it dissolves compounds of very high polarity. While water will dissolve polar molecules, it would be unable to dissolve these pigments as well as methanol can. 6. According to my findings, chloroplast a is in the highest abundance in the leaf extract. This is known because of the very bright green colour of the pigment, as well as the expanse of chloroplast a on the filter paper. 7. Pigments separate rather than travel up the paper at the same rate due to their solubility. Pigments that are the most soluble in methanol will travel to the highest levels, almost as high as methanol itself, but pigments that are least soluble in methanol will stay lower down on the filter paper. The pigments will only travel far enough so that they are completely dissolved  from the methanol to the filter paper. Therefore, those pigments that are least soluble in methanol, take less time and space to dissolve from methanol so they stop travelling at an earlier stage that those that are most soluble with methanol. 8. The meaning of the Rf value is to help identify pigments. Each pigment holds an Rf value, which is used like a fingerprint. Although colour can be used to identify pigments, their Rf value is the true indication of which pigment is present. Conclusion: the various photosynthetic pigments in S. oleracea were separated using the chromatography technique.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Public Perception of Police Essay

Being a police officer is one of the hardest jobs around. They are trained and hired to â€Å"protect and serve† their communities and they are constantly in the public eye. Everything that they do is criticized by the people who are watching them. Like in every other profession, there are some who should really not be doing that job, and those people give a bad name to the really good and dedicated officers that work so hard to take care of people. One of the problems that cause the public to have a lower level of good will toward police is the rising crime rate. People believe that if there are more crimes being committed, the police are not doing a proper job of stopping it. This tends to make people doubt the abilities that police have. (Koenig)Some of the negative feedback in regards to policing comes from allegations of alleged cover-ups mostly applied to racial accusations, ethnicity and to some degree, economic class. (Connolly, 2001) These issues are on a daily basis and over all that gives the public a negative view of the police force in general. The media has a big part in the negative viewpoint people have of the police. They tend to focus on the bad things that happen and although police are just human beings and do make mistakes, which is the only thing the media gives attention to so they get their viewers and readers to develop a negative attitude towards law enforcement. (Connolly, 2001) Another issue that is b ig in the news regarding law enforcement is that police are violent. There have been occasions when police have used violence and in some cases it was unjustified. But those incidents are isolated and do not happen as frequently as the media tends to make people believe. Police will only use force when they are in danger and even then, they give the criminal every possible chance to surrender before force is used. If the media focused more on the positive things that law enforcement does for the public, more people would likely have a more positive viewpoint towards them. (Connolly, 2001)The public seems to be split on the viewpoint of law enforcement. Some are in agreement with a certain amount of force being used while the other half tends to believe that it is dangerous for the police to use any kind of force especially when it is related to racial, ethical or socio-economical issues. (Connolly, 2001) It is believed that media bias started back when there were issues regarding the Vietnam War and Civil Rights struggles. Police are doing the  best job they are able to do and it would definitely make their jobs easier if they had more support and backing from the people they are trying to protect. (Connolly, 2001)There are many times that the police have to get control of a person or of people and this can prove to be very difficult physically and also very dangerous to the police and to the person or people they are trying to control. Nobody wants to admit that that is the truth but unfortunately it is. Some people may believe that because of what they see on television either in a movie or from the news, if they do something to irritate any cop, they will be beaten for it and then made out to look like they are the ones who brought it on, whether they deserve it or not. And in most cases, no one deserves to be beaten. (Connolly, 2001)According to Stamper (2009), police do not pick bad officers, those bad officers are made. Even the most dedicated police officer who gets out of the police academy a nd is all fired up to get out and help people, can see his or her most respected superior beating on someone who really is not deserving of it and eventually turn around and do the same thing. That is not legal of course, but if that officer is not caught then no one is going to know any better. Stamper had been an officer at one time and saw an officer he worked with whom he admired beating others. Basically, the power of being a cop got to Stamper’s head and he took advantage of that power until a prosecutor gave him a reality check. Stamper believes that the cops that have a conscience need to be the ones who take control of the bad seeds and assist with stopping police brutality. (Stamper, 2009)In February 2009, a Washington State Sheriff brought a â€Å"slender 15 year old girl† into custody, brought her into a holding cell and told her to remove her shoes. As she was removing her shoes, she allegedly kicked one off and it hit the officer, Paul Schene, in the shin. This was not done intentionally, but the officer became enraged and began to beat the girl. He kicked her, pulled her hair and put his knees into her back, as well as â€Å"slugging† her. All of this was caught on camera. (Stamper, 2009) Throughout the incident, the girl gave no resistance and after it happened, she was handcuffed and brought out of view of the camera. Later on the girl said she was having trouble breathing and paramedics were called. Officer Schene said only that she had a panic attack. Incidents such as that one are what the public are afraid of and what gives  good cops a bad name. It is reported that the incident with that girl is ranked just as bad as the Rodney King beating and the attack of Abner Louima. (Stamper, 2009) When those incidents become public knowledge, law enforcement needs to scramble to find a reason behind what they did. Often times that is not possible and it makes the public’s already tainted point of view even darker. It is really important for police to communicate with the public and make them aware of things that they did not already know. Perhaps if the public was more aware of things that the police did behind the scenes, they would be more apt to trust in law enforcement and not be so judgmental or critical of them. In some ways, yes citizens do have valid reasons for being so concerned about certain things they hear on the news or read in the papers. But a lot of times, stories may be exaggerated and that will make people worry for no reason. In regards to policing and racism, there are some instances where race does come into play when police are working on solving a certain crime. An example would be a crime family under investigation for any number of crimes. Typically, that particular crime family will only allow certain people into their group and those people are all from the same type of ethnic backgrounds. Another example would be someone like a rapist or serial killer. If they have an eye witness to the crime, they will be able to conduct their investigations based on the witness’s description. The suspect may be of one race or ethnic group and therefore, the police must keep an eye out for people who fit that description. That cannot be considered racial, although people will still say that it is. (Connolly, 2001)While not everyone will agree that the police are not shady and are giving people breaks that do not deserve them, everyone should agree that in the case of an emergency, it is nice to know that they have someone around who will be able to assist them. It is important for the public to know that they have help when they need it. Sometimes, police will offer a professional courtesy to a fellow officer and when the public gets wind of that, chaos breaks. Most people will not agree that police officers should not be punished for a crime that a civilian commits and gets punished for. This makes the general  public very angry and then they think they are not able to count on the police when they really need to. Law enforcement also needs to remember that if they are going to allow a member of their own force to get away with someone and then they find a citizen who commits the same crime, such as drunk driving, if that person knows that the cop got away with it, they will expect the same treatment. That is a valid argument for them to have. In closing, law enforcement really is there to protect and serve. That is their job and 99.9 percent of those people love what they do. Civilians need to understand and accept that. References Koenig, D.J. (n.d.) Police perceptions of public respect and extra-legal use of force: a reconsideration of folk wisdom and pluralistic ignorance. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 1(3), 313-324. Retrieved April 26, 2009, from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=13959331&site=ehost-livedatabaseConnolly, C.P. (2001). In Defense of Police. The National Executive Institute Associates (NEIA). Retrieved April 27, 2009, from http://www.neiassociates.org/defense.htmStamper, N. (2009, March 11). Former Police Chief on Cop Brutality: â€Å"Law Enforcement Doesn’t Pick Bad Apples; It Makes Them†. Huffington Post retrieved on April 27, 2009 from http://www.alternet.org/rights/131014/former_police_chief_on_cop_brutality:_%22law_enforcement_doesn’t_pick_bad_apples%3B_it_makes_them%22/

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Making Essay Writing for High School Students Tolerable

Making Essay Writing for High School Students Tolerable Making Essay Writing for High School Students Tolerable If you want to make essay writing for high school students tolerable, it is important to understand how to write your essays better and faster. Knowing how to make essay writing go by faster, you can make completing academic assignments less painful. Making essay writing tolerable is easily done if you follow three simple steps and start reducing the amount of time it takes to finish your work. Rather than worrying about your writing assignment for weeks on end, get in some early preparation and maintain self-belief that you really can do it: Understand Your Task You want to read over your prompt first and foremost because nothing is worse than starting on an assignment only to find after a great deal of effort that you were traveling down the wrong path. As you are reading over your prompt highlight any keywords. If you need to use a dictionary to look up the meaning of words that are unfamiliar to you, try to search out the task words which are included in your prompt to indicate what things you actually need to do. Some examples of task words include compare, contrast, discuss. You want to identify the topic words which also indicate the subject such as the character of Romeo or the causes of WWII†. Finally, you want to look out for limiting words which restrict your discussion to a specific area such as during the 18th century, or chapters 1-4†. Research in a Smart Way When you are preparing, you want to be selective about the reading you complete as a part of your background research. Use sources that are accessible and relevant. As you are completing your research, you want to write down notes copiously. But as you take notes, make sure you include the information in your own words. This is particularly important. If you write down any quotes or any statistics you want to make sure you acknowledge the source; and keep track of the bibliographic information. Remember that no final product should have more than 10% direct quotes, so you need to be selective about the quotes that you use. Consider Many Ideas You want to brainstorm different ideas in response to your prompt. Write down any relevant points you can think of and make notes of quotations which come to mind as you are completing your research. Use brainstorming techniques such as mind mapping to help stimulate any lateral thinking that might jog any ideas in the back of your mind. Overall, when you have learned how to improve your writing skills and make your essay writing go by faster. Crafting papers can be much less painful when you use the skills above. As a high school student, the more tricks you have in order to expedite the writing process, the easier it will be for you to get through any writing task.

Monday, November 4, 2019

The paintings of 2 wheel building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The paintings of 2 wheel building - Essay Example The paintings of the house display the modernist housing that tries to displace the immersed relationship traditional notions about housing, the exterior and interior decorations of this house designed by Goldfinger as initially considered by many experts of architectural arts as the manifestos of modernity, the paintings and decorations in the interior sections of the two wheel building allows for an experience of the atmosphere that matches the conditions in the nineteenth century dwellings. The paintings of 2 wheel building communicate the architect Goldfinger's feeling about life. The paint decoration designs of the two wheel road house portrays a strange attraction, since it provides an aesthetic procedure that can be used to legitimate Goldfinger's understanding of what life pertains. It is understood that Golfinger's main motive in designing the 2 wheel house was to get a permanent resident for his family the interior designs that include the painting works of the house is the main painting of what he understood about life. In any architectural work, the architect can use the paintings to communicate the association of his understanding in regard to the real life perspective. This relationship aids in communicating the designers feeling about life. The exterior decoration gives the two wheel house unique appearance. The exterior decoration of the two wheel road house is made of stone, bricks, and concrete that makes it look as a hybrid project as it is not made to have the general modern.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Macroeconomics - Essay Example â€Å"Although technology, tastes, and public policy each have important independent influences on the pattern and pace of economic integration in its various dimensions, they clearly interact in important ways. Improvements in the technology of transportation and communication do not occur spontaneously in an economic vacuum. The desire of people to take advantage of what they see as the benefits of closer economic integration—that is, the taste for the benefits of integration—is a key reason why it is profitable to make the innovations and investments that bring improvements in the technology of transportation and communication† (Mussa, n.p.).   Balance of payments is a balance through international operations, expressed in value of all complex economic relations of a country in the form of the ratio of receipts and payments. Balance of Payments is a statistical report that provides data on the foreign trade of a country with other countries over time. Simply speaking, this document reflects economic transaction of a country with the rest of the world. From the accounting point of view, the balance of payments is always in balance. However, deficit or surplus may occur in its separate sections, when receipts exceed payments, or when payments exceed revenues. The principle of double-entry accounting is used in a balance of payments, every transaction has two sides - debit and credit. Under this accounting system total of the debit should always be equal to the total amount of the loan. Generally, any balance of payments consists of two accounts – current account and capital account. A current account reflects operations with real assets, while capital account – with financial assets. According to the majority of experts, current account plays more significant role in the overall balance. For instance, negative current account of the USA has played a tremendous role in negative dynamics of the country’s balance of pay ments. It can be seen on the following graph. The other important theoretical item in international economics is exchange rate. Simply speaking, exchange rate is a price of a motional currency in some particular amount of a foreign currency. There are nominal and real exchange rates. Nominal exchange rate - is the relative price of currencies of two countries, or the currency of one country, expressed in the currency of another country. In turn, the real exchange rate describes the ratio in which products of one country can be sold in exchange for goods of another country. The following law is related to the problem of exchange rates. â€Å"The law of one price is the theory that the price of a given security, commodity or asset will have the same price when exchange rates are taken into consideration. The law of one price is another way of stating the concept of purchasing power parity† (Financial Theory, n.p.). Chapter 9 A curve of production opportunities is dependence tha t graphically illustrates the possibility of simultaneous production of two products based on limited resources spent on producing these products. A simple production possibilities curve is presented on the following picture. The curve is constructed in a coordinate system, each of which reflects the output of one of the products. It restricts the production capabilities so that any point on the curve shows the maximum possible resource constraints on the combination of production of two products. Aggregate supply is the total amount